ABSTRACT
In order to study the transcriptional differences of Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis at different developmental stages, we explored the genes regulating the biosynthesis of the effective components. In this study, Illumina Hiseq 4 000 high-throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence the transcriptome of C. medica var. sarcodactylis at different developmental stages, 121 235 unigenes were obtained with an average length of 2 434 bp, 3 379 different genes were obtained using DESeq screening, which mainly connected to biological processes such as signal transmission, biological regulation, and metabolic processes, and enriched in metabolic pathways such as starch, sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis. Further dynamic comparison of biosynthesis related genes of active ingredients: the expression levels of PAL, CHI, CYP75B1, ZDS, 4CL and FLS gradually increased as the fruit turned from green to yellow; the expressions of COMT, F3H and CYP73A increased at first and then decreased; CCR, HCT and HRP were down-regulated whereas up-regulated. This study provides references for further excavation of key genes in the biosynthesis of active components, as well as biopathway analysis of active components for C. medica var. sarcodactylis.
Subject(s)
Citrus/genetics , Computational Biology , Fruit/genetics , Gene Expression Profiling , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing , TranscriptomeABSTRACT
The development and reproduction of the citrus leafminer (CLM), Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, were evaluated in six citrus genotypes in order to identify genotypes with resistance traits that could be applied in a program for the development of citrus varieties resistant to the citrus leafminer. Tests were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions (25 ± 1ºC, 70 ± 10 percent RH, and 14h photophase). Seedlings of each genotype tested were infested with eggs obtained from a stock colony of CLM maintained on 'Cravo' lemon (Citrus limonia L. Osbeck), and the duration and survival of the eggs, larval and pupal stages, pupal size and weight, fecundity and longevity of adults, and sex ratio were evaluated. No influence was observed on the duration and survival of eggs, larvae and pupae of P. citrella. However, pupae obtained in the hybrid C x R4 were significantly smaller and lighter than pupae from the remaining treatments. Adult females from the hybrids C x R4 and C x R315 were the least fecund. However, the lowest value for the corrected reproductive potential (CRP) was recorded in the hybrid C x R315, suggesting that this genotype is the least favorable for the development and reproduction of CLM. On the other hand, the highest CRP value obtained in the 'Rugoso' lemon confirms the susceptibility of this genotype, indicating it as the most suitable for CLM.
Subject(s)
Animals , Citrus/genetics , Citrus/parasitology , Disease Resistance/genetics , Lepidoptera , GenotypeABSTRACT
A partir das primeiras sequências genômicas do Cil V-C (Citrus leprosis virus tipo citoplasmático) através de bibliotecas de cDNA provenientes do produto da replicação viral (dsRNA) (locali, 2002), foi possível concluir o seqüenciamento completo do seu genoma. As informações obtidas possibilitaram caracterizá-lo como um vírus de genoma constituído por ssRNA (mais), bipartido (menos 14 Kb), contendo no RNA 1 duas ORFs, uma delas codificadora de uma poliproteína com três domínios envolvidos com replicase viral e um relacionado com protease. No RNA 2, foram detectadas quatro ORFs, uma delas codificadora da proteína de movimento. Foram identificadas caudas poli A nas extremidades 3 dos dois RNAs, bem como a presença de uma sequência conservada de nucleotídeos (GAUAAAUCU) nas extremidades 5 dos dois RNAs, sugerindo a presença de uma estrutura Cap. As informações até então conhecidas sobre o vírus associado à leprose dos citros e aos ácaros do gênero Brevipalpus os relacionavam à família Rhabdoviridae. Entretanto, através de análises estruturais e organizacionais do genoma do CilV-C ficou evidente que o vírus apresenta alguns (poucos) domínios conservados com membros de vários gêneros e famílias de fitovírus, mas não com rhabdovírus. Através de análises filogenéticas e associando estas informações às características morfológicas do virion, além dos efeitos citopáticos e sintomas induzidos por esses vírus em seus hospedeiros, sugerimos que o CilV-C seja considerado o membro-tipo de um novo gênero de vírus, denominado Cilevirus. Foi possível também determinar com segurança que ele não pertence a família Rhabdoviridae, como proposto anteriormente. Essas informações permitiram uma análise comparativa entre regiões genômicas do CilV-C com as de outros vírus transmitidos por Brevipa/pus (VTBs), entre eles, Orchid fleck virus - OFV, Coffee ringspot virus - CoRSV, e Ligustrum ringspot virus - LigRSV.
Subject(s)
Citrus/genetics , Genes/physiology , Genome, Viral/physiology , Genome, Viral/geneticsABSTRACT
We report the nucleotide sequences of three citrus viroids belonging to three different genera: Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd), Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) and Citrus viroid-III (CVd-III) isolated from a single natural infected Citrus reticulata var. Clementine tree growing in a tree nursery in Manouba (near Tunis Capital). We describe the sequence variability of these viroids from their natural host without using an alternative passage by an indicator host or an artificial inoculation. This work confirms that naturally occurring viroid infections contain a mixture of sequence variants. These are the first sequences of citrus viroids from Africa.
Subject(s)
Base Sequence , Citrus/genetics , Viroids , Genetic VariationABSTRACT
Se evaluaron 63 cultivares de mandarina (Citrus spp.) provenientes de la colección del Campo Citrícola Experimental Francisco Villa, Tamaulipas, México, usando marcadores morfológicos y AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism). Se usaron 20 caracteres cuantitativos y 10 cualitativos de hojas, flores y frutos. Las mejores combinaciones de iniciadores AFLP fueron la Mse +CAG más Eco +ACA, y Mse +CAA más Eco +AGG, dando un total de 109 bandas con un 86 por ciento de polimorfismo. Tanto los marcadores morfológicos como los moleculares mostraron un alto grado de variación entre los individuos analizados, lo que indica una importante fuente de diversidad genética que puede ser utilizada en futuros programas de mejoramiento genético. Aunque la comparación de los datos morfológicos y moleculares usando la prueba de Mantel no mostró una correlación significativa (r= 0.31), ambas técnicas parecen ser complementarias para la caracterización de mandarinas